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Though as time went on the philosophy of stoicism evolved especially with the coming of Rome the original philosophy was made by a Greek philosopher in Athens whose name was Zeno of Citium. Though perhaps more famous stoic philosophers would be Seneca (the younger) and Marcus Aurelius (the stoic emperor of Rome).
The basic teachings of stoicism is that bad emotions come from bad judgement and the core of stoicism is to overcome these destructive emotions through control. They also say that true happiness is achieved through virtue. Stoics presented the philosophy as a way of life through which you can become a sage.
A sage is someone who has achieved ethical and intellectual perfection. Many philosophers (including Seneca) emphasised the believe that happiness is achieved through virtue. With this being true then a sage would be immune to misfortune since misfortune causes unhappiness and through virtue there is no unhappiness. This gives a powerful sense of controlling ones own fate.
Stoicism also concerns itself heavily with fate and human free will. They believe in determinism (the idea that all future events are controlled by all past events in a philosophy similar to fate) but they also believe in individual free will. This mixture of belief produces both a sense of acceptance of what will be will be while still trying to change the future for the better.
One of the virtues that stoicism talks about is control. One has to be in control of themselves and many stoic philosophers talk of how a wicked man is like a dog tied to a cart and he will go where ever he will go but a stoic or virtuous man will go where he chooses. The set of virtues that stoicism talks of are not religious ethics so as to say that god laid down a set of rules and will be unhappy if you break these rules. But rather a set of naturalistic ethics. That is even if there is no afterlife then you should still be a good person simply because it is good to be a good person.
Stoicism also puts a lot of importance into the idea of logic. They believe that only through logic and truth can knowledge be attained though this seems common logic in today’s society it is important to look back then when the temples told you why a storm had blown in and why the stars had the patterns they had.
One of the greatest lines of stoicism is as follows. Quoted from Marcus Aurelius. “Say to yourself in the early morning: I shall meet today ungrateful, violent, treacherous, envious, uncharitable men. All of these things have come upon them through ignorance of real good and ill… I can neither be harmed by any of them, for no man will involve me in wrong, nor can I be angry with my kinsman or hate him; for
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